Ditsong National Museum of Natural History / Swartkrans | Human Fossil Record Archive

The Human Fossil Record:
A Digital Resource for Research and Education

Collections: Ditsong National Museum of Natural History [3321]
Kromdraai [420]
KB542 Haplorhini metacarpal [8]
KB3133 P. robustus left cuboid [8]
KB3297 Haplorhini right calcaneus [8]
KB5063 P. robustus URM1 [8]
KB5163 P. robustus LRC [8]
KB5222 P. robustus ULM3 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LLDC [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LLDM1 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LLDM2 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LLI1 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LLI2 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LLM1 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LRDM2 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LRI1 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LRI2 [8]
KB5223 P. robustus LRM1 [8]
KB5226 P. robustus LRM3 [8]
KB5383 P. robustus URM1 [8]
KB5389 P. robustus ULI1 [8]
KB5503 P. robustus LRDM2 [8]
TM1517a P. robustus cranium [8]
TM1517a P. robustus left maxilla [8]
TM1517a P. robustus left temporal [8]
TM1517b P. robustus partial mandible [8]
TM1517c P. robustus LLP3 [8]
TM1517c P. robustus LLP4 [8]
TM1517c P. robustus URM1 distolingual fragment [9]
TM1517c P. robustus URM2 [8]
TM1517c P. robustus URM3 [8]
TM1517c P. robustus URP3 [8]
TM1517d P. robustus right talus [8]
TM1517e P. robustus right ulna [8]
TM1517f Cercopithecidae right second metatarsal [8]
TM1517h Cercopithecidae left second metacarpal [7]
TM1517i Cercopithecidae foot proximal phalanx [8]
TM1517j Cercopithecidae proximal phalanx [8]
TM1517k P. robustus distal phalanx [8]
TM1517l Cercopithecidae foot proximal phalanx [8]
TM1517m Cercopithecidae proximal phalanx [8]
TM1517n Haplorhini foot intermediate phalanx [8]
TM1517o Haplorhini distal hand phalanx [8]
TM1536 P. robustus partial mandible [5]
TM1600 P. robustus LLM2 LLM3 [8]
TM1600 P. robustus LLP3 [8]
TM1601a P. robustus LRDM1 [8]
TM1601b P. robustus LLP3 [8]
TM1601c P. robustus LLC [8]
TM1601d P. robustus LLP4 [8]
TM1601e P. robustus ULM1 [8]
TM1601f P. robustus LRDC [8]
TM1603 P. robustus ULM3 [8]
TM1605 P. robustus left os coxae [7]
TM3601 Felidae right femur [8]
Swartkrans [2901]
SK 1 P. robustus LLM2 [11]
SK 2 P. robustus URI1 [11]
SK 3 P. robustus URI1 [11]
SK 4 P. robustus URC [11]
SK 5 P. robustus LLM2 [11]
SK 6 P. robustus LRM2 [11]
SK 6 P. robustus LRM3 [11]
SK 6 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 6 P. robustus partial right hemimandible [12]
SK 6 P. robustus partial right hemimandible dentition [12]
SK 7 P. robustus LRP4 [11]
SK 9 P. robustus LLP4 [11]
SK 10 + SK 1648 P. robustus mandible [1]
SK 11 P. robustus maxilla [17]
SK 12a P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 12b P. robustus mandible [13]
SK 13 + SK 14 P. robustus maxilla [16]
SK 15 Hominin mandible [13]
SK 15 Hominin mandible dentition [11]
SK 16 + SK 1591 P. robustus partial left maxilla [12]
SK 17 P. robustus URM1 [11]
SK 18a Hominin LLP3 [11]
SK 18b Hominin left radius [11]
SK 19 P. robustus LRM2 [11]
SK 20 P. robustus LLM1 [11]
SK 21 P. robustus left maxilla [11]
SK 21a P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 22 P. robustus LRM3 [11]
SK 23 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 23 P. robustus mandible dentition [11]
SK 24 P. robustus ULP3 [11]
SK 25 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 27 Homo ULC [11]
SK 27 Homo ULP3 [11]
SK 27 Homo URM2 [11]
SK 27 Homo cranium [11]
SK 27 Homo temporals [11]
SK 28 P. robustus ULP4 [11]
SK 29 P. robustus LRC [1]
SK 30 P. robustus LLP3 [11]
SK 31 P. robustus URM3 [11]
SK 32 P. robustus URP4 [11]
SK 33 P. robustus URP3 [11]
SK 34 P. robustus left hemimandible [14]
SK 34 P. robustus left hemimandible dentition [11]
SK 34 P. robustus right hemimandible [14]
SK 34 P. robustus right hemimandible dentition [11]
SK 36 P. robustus URM3 [11]
SK 37 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 38 P. robustus URC [1]
SK 39 P. robustus URP4 [11]
SK 40 P. robustus ULI1 [11]
SK 41 P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 42 P. robustus URM2 [11]
SK 43 Hominin LRP4 fragment 1 [11]
SK 43 Hominin LRP4 fragment 2 [11]
SK 44 P. robustus URP3 [11]
SK 45 Homo partial mandible [11]
SK 45 Homo partial mandible dentition [12]
SK 46 P. robustus cranium [11]
SK 46 P. robustus left temporal [11]
SK 47 P. robustus cranium [11]
SK 47 P. robustus left temporal [11]
SK 47 P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 47 P. robustus right temporal [11]
SK 48 + SKW 7 P. robustus cranium [16]
SK 48 + SKW 7 P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 48 P. robustus temporals [11]
SK 49 P. robustus cranial fragment [11]
SK 49 P. robustus cranium [11]
SK 49 P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 50 P. robustus right os coxae [11]
SK 52 P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 52 P. robustus partial cranium [11]
SK 54 P. robustus cranial fragment [11]
SK 54 P. robustus cranium [11]
SK 55a P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 55b P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 57 P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 61 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 62 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 63 P. robustus hemimandible left [11]
SK 63 P. robustus hemimandible left dentition [10]
SK 63 P. robustus hemimandible right [11]
SK 63 P. robustus hemimandible right dentition [10]
SK 64 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 65 P. robustus left maxilla [11]
SK 65a P. robustus URC [11]
SK 66 P. robustus right maxilla [11]
SK 67 P. robustus URI1 [11]
SK 68 P. robustus ULI1 [11]
SK 69 P. robustus ULI1 [1]
SK 70 P. robustus ULI2 [1]
SK 71 P. robustus URI2 [1]
SK 72 P. robustus LLP3 [11]
SK 73 P. robustus URI1 [11]
SK 74a P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 74b P. robustus LRI1 [11]
SK 74c P. robustus URP4 [11]
SK 75 P. robustus LRM3 [11]
SK 79 P. robustus cranium [11]
SK 80 + SK 847 Homo cranium [10]
SK 80 Homo tooth fragment [11]
SK 81 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 82 P. robustus right femur [11]
SK 82 P. robustus right femur proximal [11]
SK 83 P. robustus cranium [11]
SK 83 P. robustus temporals [11]
SK 84 Homo left first metacarpal [11]
SK 85 Homo erectus left fourth metacarpal [11]
SK 85a P. robustus URC [11]
SK 86 P. robustus ULC [1]
SK 87 P. robustus LRC [11]
SK 88 P. robustus LLP4 [11]
SK 89a P. robustus ULM1 [11]
SK 90 P. robustus ULDM2 [11]
SK 91 P. robustus URDM1 [11]
SK 92 P. robustus URC [1]
SK 93 P. robustus ULC [11]
SK 94 P. robustus LRC [1]
SK 95 P. robustus ULC [1]
SK 96 P. robustus LLC [11]
SK 96 P. robustus LLDM1 [11]
SK 96 P. robustus LLP3 [11]
SK 96 P. robustus mandible fragment [11]
SK 97 P. robustus right femur [11]
SK 97 P. robustus right femur proximal [11]
SK 98 P. robustus ULM2 [11]
SK 99 P. robustus ULP4 [11]
SK 100 P. robustus LRP3 [11]
SK 101 P. robustus ULP3 [11]
SK 102 P. robustus ULM1 [11]
SK 104 P. robustus LRM1 [11]
SK 105 P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 438 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 821 P. robustus ULP3 [11]
SK 822 P. robustus ULP3 [11]
SK 823 P. robustus URP3 [11]
SK 824 P. robustus ULP4 [11]
SK 825 P. robustus ULP4 [11]
SK 826a1 P. robustus partial left maxilla [1]
SK 826a2 P. robustus ULM2 [11]
SK 826b + SK 828 P. robustus partial left hemimandible [12]
SK 827 P. robustus LLP4 [11]
SK 829 P. robustus ULM1 [10]
SK 830 P. robustus LLP4 [11]
SK 831 P. robustus LRP3 [11]
SK 831a P. robustus partial left maxilla [12]
SK 832 P. robustus ULM1 [11]
SK 833 P. robustus ULM1 [11]
SK 834 P. robustus URM2 [11]
SK 835 P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 836 P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 837 P. robustus URM2 [11]
SK 838a P. robustus partial right maxilla [11]
SK 838b P. robustus LLM1 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus ULI1 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus ULI2 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus ULM1 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus URDM1 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus URDM2 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus URI1 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus URI2 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus URM1 [11]
SK 839 P. robustus partial maxilla [11]
SK 840 P. robustus LLM3 [1]
SK 841a P. robustus partial mandible [12]
SK 841b P. robustus LLM3 [11]
SK 842 P. robustus LLDM2 [11]
SK 843 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 844 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 845 + SK 14251 P. robustus partial maxilla [11]
SK 846a P. robustus LRM1 [11]
SK 847 Homo left temporal [11]
SK 847d Homo cranial fragment [11]
SK 847e Homo cranial fragment [9]
SK 847h Homo cranial fragment [9]
SK 847j Homo cranial fragment [10]
SK 847k Homo cranial fragment [9]
SK 847l Homo cranial fragment [10]
SK 847n Homo cranial fragment [10]
SK 848 P. robustus right incus [11]
SK 848 P. robustus right malleus [11]
SK 848 P. robustus right stapes [11]
SK 848 P. robustus right temporal [11]
SK 849 P. robustus URM1 [11]
SK 850 P. robustus LP3 [1]
SK 851 P. robustus LRM3 [11]
SK 852 P. robustus LLC [11]
SK 852 P. robustus LLI1 [11]
SK 852 P. robustus LLI2 [11]
SK 852 P. robustus LRDC [11]
SK 852 P. robustus mandible fragment [11]
SK 852 P. robustus partial left hemimandible [11]
SK 852 P. robustus partial right hemimandible [11]
SK 853 P. robustus LV [3]
SK 854 P. robustus axis [11]
SK 855 P. robustus LRM3 [11]
SK 856 P. robustus URM1 [11]
SK 856 P. robustus URP4 [11]
SK 857 P. robustus LRP3 [11]
SK 858 + SK 861 + SK 883 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 859 P. robustus basicranium [11]
SK 859 P. robustus cranial fragment 1 [11]
SK 859 P. robustus cranial fragment 2 [11]
SK 859 P. robustus cranial fragment 3 [11]
SK 859 P. robustus vertebral fragment [11]
SK 860 P. robustus right humerus [11]
SK 862 P. robustus partial right hemimandible [1]
SK 863 P. robustus molar fragment [1]
SK 864 P. robustus molar fragment [1]
SK 865 P. robustus molar fragment [1]
SK 866 P. robustus tooth fragments [1]
SK 867 P. robustus ULP3 [11]
SK 868 P. robustus URM [1]
SK 869 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 870 P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 870 P. robustus ULM3 root fragment 1 [11]
SK 870 P. robustus ULM3 root fragment 2 [11]
SK 871 P. robustus LLM3 [11]
SK 872 P. robustus ULM1 [11]
SK 873 P. robustus incisor [1]
SK 874 P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 876 P. robustus mandible [17]
SK 877 + SKW 31 P. robustus right maxilla [13]
SK 878a P. robustus tooth fragments [1]
SK 878b P. robustus cranial fragment [1]
SK 878c P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 878d P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 879 P. robustus left temporal [11]
SK 879 P. robustus right temporal [11]
SK 880 P. robustus LLM3 [11]
SK 881 P. robustus bone fragments [1]
SK 881 P. robustus left maxilla [12]
SK 882 P. robustus ULM [11]
SK 884 P. robustus LLC mastoid fragments [2]
SK 885 P. robustus LLM3 [11]
SK 1425a + SK 2635 P. robustus partial maxilla [1]
SK 1512 + SK 1592 P. robustus maxilla [11]
SK 1514 P. robustus partial hemimandible [1]
SK 1585 P. robustus endocast [11]
SK 1586 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 1587a P. robustus partial mandible [12]
SK 1587b P. robustus LRM2 [11]
SK 1588 P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 1589 P. robustus URP4 [11]
SK 1590a P. robustus partial right maxilla [12]
SK 1590b P. robustus partial right maxilla [11]
SK 1590c P. robustus partial mandible [11]
SK 1590d P. robustus femoral head [11]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 1 [10]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 2 [10]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 3 [10]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 4 [11]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 5 [10]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 6 [11]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 7 [11]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 8 [11]
SK 1590e P. robustus bone fragment 9 [11]
SK 1590e P. robustus os coxae fragment [11]
SK 1590f P. robustus os coxae fragment [10]
SK 1592 P. robustus partial maxilla [1]
SK 1593 P. robustus LRP3 [11]
SK 1594 P. robustus URM1 [1]
SK 1595 P. robustus partial maxilla [1]
SK 1596 P. robustus UC [1]
SK 1813 P. robustus first right metatarsal [11]
SK 1896 P. robustus right femur [11]
SK 2381 P. robustus cranial fragment [1]
SK 3121 P. robustus right femur [11]
SK 3155b Homo erectus right os coxae [11]
SK 3974 P. robustus LRM1 [11]
SK 3975 P. robustus ULM3 [11]
SK 3976 P. robustus LLM2 [11]
SK 3977 P. robustus URM3 [11]
SK 3978 P. robustus mandible [11]
SK 3981a P. robustus T12 vertebra [11]
SK 3981b P. robustus L5 vertebra [11]
SK 14000 P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 14001 P. robustus ULP3 [11]
SK 14003 P. robustus partial maxilla [1]
SK 14024 P. robustus femoral head [11]
SK 14115 P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 14132 P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 14133 P. robustus left maxilla [12]
SK 14246 P. robustus partial mandible [1]
SK 24600 P. robustus left humerus [11]
SK 24601 P. robustus left radius [11]
SK 24626 P. robustus partial left hemimandible [1]
SK 24628 P. robustus tooth fragment [1]
SK 24629 P. robustus ULM1 [1]
SK 24630 P. robustus ULP4 [1]
SK 24631 P. robustus ULP3 [1]
SK 24633 P. robustus URM2 [1]
SKW 18 P. robustus partial cranium [11]
SKW 18 P. robustus right incus [11]
SKW 18 P. robustus right malleus [11]
SKW 18 P. robustus right petrous [11]
SKW 18 P. robustus right stapes [20]
SKW 18 P. robustus right temporal [11]
SKW 33 P. robustus URM1 [11]
SKW 33 P. robustus URM2 [11]
Espace muséal d’Andenne [139]
Scladina [139]
Jersey Museum [58]
La Cotte de St Brelade [58]
McGregor Museum [15]
Equus Cave [15]
MiC-SABAP Imperia Savona [435]
Museo Archaeologico del Finale [424]
Santa Lucia Superiore [11]
Musée des Confluences [150]
Gorilla [36]
Hylobates [30]
Pan [84]
Musée Archéologie Nationale [6]
La Quina [6]
Museum für Naturkunde [8]
National Museum of Lao PDR [8]
TNH2-1 Denisovan EDJ [1]
TNH2-1 Denisovan OES [1]
Tam Pa Ling 1 H. sapiens frontal [1]
Tam Pa Ling 1 H. sapiens maxilla [1]
Tam Pa Ling 2 H. sapiens mandible [1]
Tam Pa Ling 3 H. sapiens partial mandible [1]
Tam Pa Ling 6 H. sapiens frontal [1]
Tam Pa Ling 7 H. sapiens tibia fragment [1]
National Museum of Natural History [185]
Unprovenienced human teeth [185]
Naturalis Biodiversity Center [10]
Trinil [10]
Natural History Museum, United Kingdom [30]
Boxgrove England [2]
Devil's Tower Gibraltar [22]
Forbes Quarry Gibraltar [1]
Kabwe Broken Hill Zambia [1]
Singa Sudan [1]
Swanscombe England [1]
Skhul Israel [1]
Tabun Israel [1]
Publications [232]
Skinner M. M. Gunz P. 2010 The presence of accessory cusps in chimpanzee lower molars is consistent with a patterning cascade model [161]
Chapple and Skinner 2022 Primate tooth crown nomenclature revisited [64]
Mussi et al. 2023 Science [1]
Davies et al. Dental morphology in Homo habilis [1]
Berg et al. 2025 Further assessment of a 2-million-year-old hominin pelvis (DNH 43) from Drimolen Main Quarry South Africa [5]
Rockefeller Museum [26]
Qafzeh [26]
Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung [53]
SMF-PA-PC-21 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-21 P. t. verus mandible [1]
SMF-PA-PC-50 P. t. verus cranium [6]
SMF-PA-PC-50 P. t. verus mandible [5]
SMF-PA-PC-51 P. t. verus cranium [6]
SMF-PA-PC-51 P. t. verus mandible [5]
SMF-PA-PC-82 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-82 P. t. verus mandible [1]
SMF-PA-PC-92 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-92 P. t. verus mandible [1]
SMF-PA-PC-99 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-99 P. t. verus mandible [1]
SMF-PA-PC-100 P. t. verus cranium [6]
SMF-PA-PC-100 P. t. verus mandible [5]
SMF-PA-PC-104 P. t. verus cranium [6]
SMF-PA-PC-106 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-106 P. t. verus mandible [1]
SMF-PA-PC-117 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-117 P. t. verus mandible [1]
SMF-PA-PC-406 P. t. verus cranium [1]
SMF-PA-PC-406 P. t. verus mandible [1]
State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart [106]
Steinheim [101]
Reilingen [5]
Taï Chimpanzee Project [8690]
Pan troglodytes verus [8690]
University of Kent [753]
NGA88 SK48 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK48 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK48 H. sapiens maxilla [5]
NGA88 SK72 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK72 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK86 H. sapiens cranium [8]
NGA88 SK86 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK170 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK170 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK227 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK227 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK227 H. sapiens maxilla [5]
NGA88 SK229 H. sapiens cranium [6]
NGA88 SK229 H. sapiens mandible [5]
NGA88 SK287 H. sapiens cranium [8]
NGA88 SK319 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK319 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK319 H. sapiens mandible highres [8]
NGA88 SK319 H. sapiens maxilla [7]
NGA88 SK341 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK341 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK376 H. sapiens mandible highres [8]
NGA88 SK376 H. sapiens maxilla [7]
NGA88 SK444 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK444 H. sapiens mandible [9]
NGA88 SK491 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK491 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK563 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK563 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK578 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK578 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK578 H. sapiens mandible highres [8]
NGA88 SK578 H. sapiens maxilla [7]
NGA88 SK593 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK593 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK632 H. sapiens cranium [6]
NGA88 SK657 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK657 H. sapiens mandible highres [7]
NGA88 SK657 H. sapiens maxilla [6]
NGA88 SK660 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK708 H. sapiens mandible highres [6]
NGA88 SK708 H. sapiens maxilla [6]
NGA88 SK742 H. sapiens cranium [5]
NGA88 SK742 H. sapiens mandible [5]
NGA88 SK749 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK749 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK750 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK750 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK752 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK752 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK766 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK766 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK798 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK798 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK830 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK830 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK860 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK860 H. sapiens mandible highres [6]
NGA88 SK860 H. sapiens maxilla [7]
NGA88 SK889 H. sapiens mandible highres [6]
NGA88 SK889 H. sapiens maxilla [8]
NGA88 SK917 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK917 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK919 H. sapiens cranium [8]
NGA88 SK919 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGA88 SK932 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK932 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK932 H. sapiens mandible highres [5]
NGA88 SK977 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK977 H. sapiens mand dent [7]
NGA88 SK977 H. sapiens mandible [6]
NGA88 SK977 H. sapiens maxilla [7]
NGA88 SK1030 H. sapiens mandible highres [8]
NGA88 SK1053 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK1053 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK1067 H. sapiens cranium [5]
NGA88 SK1067 H. sapiens mandible [5]
NGA88 SK1130 H. sapiens cranium [5]
NGA88 SK1130 H. sapiens mandible [5]
NGA88 SK1212 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK1212 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK1218 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGA88 SK1218 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGA88 SK1222 H. sapiens cranium [9]
NGA88 SK1222 H. sapiens mandible [9]
NGB89 SK4 H. sapiens cranium [5]
NGB89 SK4 H. sapiens mandible [5]
NGB89 SK6 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGB89 SK18 H. sapiens cranium [5]
NGB89 SK22 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGB89 SK22 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGB89 SK22 H. sapiens maxilla [7]
NGB89 SK36 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGB89 SK36 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGB89 SK51 H. sapiens cranium [8]
NGB89 SK51 H. sapiens mandible [7]
NGB89 SK52 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGB89 SK52 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGB89 SK72 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGB89 SK72 H. sapiens mandible [8]
NGB89 SK73 H. sapiens cranium [5]
NGB89 SK73 H. sapiens mandible [5]
NGB89 SK73 H. sapiens maxilla [6]
NGB89 SK81 H. sapiens cranium [7]
NGB89 SK81 H. sapiens mandible [8]
University of Liège [17]
Engis [17]
University of the Witwatersrand [1941]
Makapansgat [79]
Rising Star [1173]
Sterkfontein [684]
Drimolen [5]
Yale Peabody Museum [92]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis right maxilla [7]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis left maxilla [5]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis mandible highres [9]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis mandible LLM1 LLM2 LLM3 [7]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis mandible LLM3 [7]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis mandible LLP3 LLP4 [7]
YPM PU11499 A. parisiensis mandible overview [9]
YPM PU11589 A. parisiensis right mandible [7]
YPM PU11589 A. parisiensis left mandible [7]
YPM PU11589 A. parisiensis left maxilla [5]
YPM 18960 A. parisiensis right maxilla [5]
YPM PU11481 L. leenhardti maxillae [8]
YPM PU11481 L. leenhardti cranium [9]
Online Teaching Resources [31]
Fossil hominins [6]
Living primates [8]
Modern humans [1]
Lab exercises for university students [3]
Activities for kids [13]

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Identification

Home / Collections / Ditsong National Museum of Natural History / Swartkrans

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This archive contains tomographic scans (as well as various types of associated digital data) of fossils from the site of Swartkrans, South Africa that are curated at the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History. These scans were produced through a collaborative research and education initiative between the Department of Human Evolution at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany) and the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Pretoria, South Africa). They were published in Skinner MM, de Ruiter, DJ, Imbrasas, M, Martin, R, Davies, T, Pickering TR, Hublin J-J, Tawane, M (2023) Microtomographic archive of fossil hominin specimens from Swartkrans (1948-1967), South Africa, 202x:x: xxx−xxx and we encourage users to refer to this article for more information about the fossils and scans.The copyright holder for all digital data (and derivates, such as surface models) associated with this archive is the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (DNMNH).

Terms of use

Researchers interested in accessing the CT scans should fill out a Digital Data Agreement Form (see below) and email it to curator of the DNMNH (Lazarus Kgasi, lkgasi@Ditsong.org.za; please also copy (cc) origins_datarequest@eva.mpg.de) with a description of their project proposal and specific specimens and CT data that they wish to use for their project. Upon acceptance of the proposed research project the CT scan(s) will be transferred to you electronically.

Digital Data Agreement Form

Inclusion of data in a scientific publication based on the CT scans (and derivative objects such as surface models, images, etc.,) requires citation of the following article:

Skinner, M.M., Imbrasas, M.D., Martin, R.M.G., Tawane, M., Hublin, J.J., Pickering, T.R., De Ruiter, D.J. (2024) Microtomographic archive of fossil hominin specimens from Swartkrans (1948-1967), South Africa, PaleoAnthroplogy, 2025:1: 41−7.

SK 79 P. robustus cranium

11 photos
SK 80 + SK 847 Homo cranium

10 photos
SK 80 Homo tooth fragment

11 photos
SK 81 P. robustus mandible

11 photos
SK 82 P. robustus right femur

11 photos
SK 82 P. robustus right femur proximal

11 photos
SK 83 P. robustus cranium

11 photos
SK 83 P. robustus temporals

11 photos
SK 84 Homo left first metacarpal

11 photos
SK 85 Homo erectus left fourth metacarpal

11 photos
SK 85a P. robustus URC

11 photos
SK 86 P. robustus ULC

1 photo
SK 87 P. robustus LRC

11 photos
SK 88 P. robustus LLP4

11 photos
SK 89a P. robustus ULM1

11 photos
SK 90 P. robustus ULDM2

11 photos
SK 91 P. robustus URDM1

11 photos
SK 92 P. robustus URC

1 photo
SK 93 P. robustus ULC

11 photos
SK 94 P. robustus LRC

1 photo
SK 95 P. robustus ULC

1 photo
SK 96 P. robustus LLC

11 photos
SK 96 P. robustus LLDM1

11 photos
SK 96 P. robustus LLP3

11 photos
SK 96 P. robustus mandible fragment

11 photos
SK 97 P. robustus right femur

11 photos
SK 97 P. robustus right femur proximal

11 photos
SK 98 P. robustus ULM2

11 photos
SK 99 P. robustus ULP4

11 photos
SK 100 P. robustus LRP3

11 photos
SK 101 P. robustus ULP3

11 photos
SK 102 P. robustus ULM1

11 photos
SK 104 P. robustus LRM1

11 photos
SK 105 P. robustus ULM3

11 photos
SK 438 P. robustus partial mandible

11 photos
SK 821 P. robustus ULP3

11 photos
SK 822 P. robustus ULP3

11 photos
SK 823 P. robustus URP3

11 photos
SK 824 P. robustus ULP4

11 photos
SK 825 P. robustus ULP4

11 photos
SK 826a1 P. robustus partial left maxilla

1 photo
SK 826a2 P. robustus ULM2

11 photos
SK 826b + SK 828 P. robustus partial left hemimandible

12 photos
SK 827 P. robustus LLP4

11 photos
SK 829 P. robustus ULM1

10 photos
SK 830 P. robustus LLP4

11 photos
SK 831 P. robustus LRP3

11 photos
SK 831a P. robustus partial left maxilla

12 photos
SK 832 P. robustus ULM1

11 photos
SK 833 P. robustus ULM1

11 photos
SK 834 P. robustus URM2

11 photos
SK 835 P. robustus ULM3

11 photos
SK 836 P. robustus ULM3

11 photos
SK 837 P. robustus URM2

11 photos
SK 838a P. robustus partial right maxilla

11 photos
SK 838b P. robustus LLM1

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus ULI1

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus ULI2

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus ULM1

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus URDM1

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus URDM2

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus URI1

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus URI2

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus URM1

11 photos
SK 839 P. robustus partial maxilla

11 photos
SK 840 P. robustus LLM3

1 photo
SK 841a P. robustus partial mandible

12 photos
SK 841b P. robustus LLM3

11 photos
SK 842 P. robustus LLDM2

11 photos
SK 843 P. robustus partial mandible

11 photos
SK 844 P. robustus partial mandible

11 photos
SK 845 + SK 14251 P. robustus partial maxilla

11 photos
SK 846a P. robustus LRM1

11 photos
SK 847 Homo left temporal

11 photos
SK 847d Homo cranial fragment

11 photos
SK 847e Homo cranial fragment

9 photos
SK 847h Homo cranial fragment

9 photos
SK 847j Homo cranial fragment

10 photos
SK 847k Homo cranial fragment

9 photos
SK 847l Homo cranial fragment

10 photos
SK 847n Homo cranial fragment

10 photos
SK 848 P. robustus right incus

11 photos
SK 848 P. robustus right malleus

11 photos
SK 848 P. robustus right stapes

11 photos
SK 848 P. robustus right temporal

11 photos
SK 849 P. robustus URM1

11 photos
SK 850 P. robustus LP3

1 photo
SK 851 P. robustus LRM3

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus LLC

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus LLI1

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus LLI2

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus LRDC

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus mandible fragment

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus partial left hemimandible

11 photos
SK 852 P. robustus partial right hemimandible

11 photos
SK 853 P. robustus LV

3 photos
SK 854 P. robustus axis

11 photos
SK 855 P. robustus LRM3

11 photos
SK 856 P. robustus URM1

11 photos
SK 856 P. robustus URP4

11 photos

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